Scientific Discoveries

Author: Toksombaeva Erkin Turganbekovna
Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences, Associate Professor Kyrgyz state university named after I. Arabaev Bishkek c.
Author: Begalieva Altynai Seyitbekovna
master's student Kyrgyz state university named after I. Arabaev Bishkek c.

THE CONCEPT OF MORAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL STATE (CLIMATE) AND ITS FEATURES

Key words: moral-psychological climate, school collective, socio-psychological relations, trust, emotional state, cohesion, mutual understanding, leadership, harmony, effectiveness of the educational process, atmosphere, motivation.

Annotation. This article examines the significance, formation features, and role of the moral and psychological climate in schools. The psychological climate is defined as a qualitative characteristic of interpersonal relationships within a collective that directly affects members’ attitudes toward work, emotional well-being, and performance efficiency. The study analyzes the views of scholars such as A.S. Makarenko, B.D. Parygin, A.G. Kovalev, V.I. Panferov, and A.N. Lutoshkin, highlighting both common and distinctive aspects of their concepts. The article characterizes the main types of psychological climate—favorable, stable, moderate, and unfavorable—and discusses their pedagogical and social implications. It also compares the static (stable) and dynamic (variable) levels of the climate and their influence on the internal atmosphere of the team. According to the author, creating a positive moral-psychological climate in a school collective requires a high level of psychological culture among leaders and teachers, as well as relationships based on trust and respect. The conclusion emphasizes that a favorable climate promotes students’ emotional well-being, motivation, and group cohesion.